米蛾(Corcyra cephalonice)成虫产卵及卵发育对温度的响应

明确温度与米蛾成虫生殖和卵发育的关系并进行模式化表达,为人工智能规模化繁育米蛾及利用其卵进行天敌昆虫的繁殖提供科学依据。在室内5个恒温条件下(15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃)测定米蛾卵的发育历期、孵化进度、孵化率及成虫产卵量、产卵动态、寿命等。结果显示,米蛾卵在15℃条件下停滞发育(不能孵化),在20~35℃的温度范围内,卵的发育历期与温度呈负相关,卵的发育速率总体趋势符合Logistic曲线模型V=0.25/[1+exp(5.06-0.24t)](R=0.9993,F=358.06,P=0.0373),孵化率与温度的关系符合二项式关系模型y=1/[0.0144+526644.37exp(-t)](R=0.9471,F=26.14,P=0.0145),在试验温度范围内,米蛾成虫单雌产卵量有随着温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且米蛾单雌产卵量(y)与温度(t)的关系符合二项式模型y=-2.38t2+128.42t-1383.58(R=0.9941,F=84.28,P=0.0117),成虫寿命亦随着温度的升高逐渐缩短。米蛾雌虫产卵适宜温度范围是25~30℃,最适温度为26.98℃,卵发育的适宜温度范围是20~30℃,最适温度为26.90℃。     

棉籽吸水速度的研究

棉籽在不同的温、湿度条件下吸水,都有三个快速吸水阶段,随温、湿度提高吸水速度加快。经硫酸脱绒的棉籽和温汤浸种后又晾干的棉籽.在28～30℃、4～5℃温度条件下吸水,其吸水速度都快于干籽,吸胀过程快速完成,没有明显的快速吸水阶段。田间插种条件下,5厘米地温低于8～10℃,棉籽需5天吸水达萌动饱和含水量(75%～80%);温度高于12～14℃,2～3天即可达到。     

温度对Olsen法测定潮土速效磷的影响和校正方法的探讨

探讨了温度对Ｏｌｓｅｎ法测定潮土速效磷的影响，结果表明，撮温度和速效磷浸出量之间呈极显著正相关，这种影响又与土壤速效磷贮量有关。根据统计分析得出比率（Ｐ２５／Ｐ１）与温度之间的有关参数，确定了包含土壤磷素水平影响在内的１０￣３０℃温度范围的经验校正式：Ｐ２５＝Ｐｔ（Ａ＋Ｂｔ）经检验，不同土样任意温度下测定值的校正值与２５℃时测定值无显著差异，符合试验要求。     

甜（辣）椒耐低温弱光品种筛选方法初探

通过在不同的低温弱光条件下，对８个代表性品种的冷害发生发展规律的研究，初步确定：１５℃／５℃（昼／夜）、光照强度４０００ｌｘ、光照时间８ｈ、处理１５天，是耐低温弱光品种的适宜选择压力。在此条件下，耐低温品种不出现伤害症状和落叶现象，叶片生长速度快；不耐低温品种生长缓慢，落叶严重，且生长点呈黑褐色，以至干枯。品种间差异显著。同时，耐低温品种叶片叶绿素含量增加，而不耐低温品种叶绿素含量下降。这一结果为进一步完善耐低温弱光品种的鉴定方法提供可靠的依据     

温度对水稻光敏、温敏核不育基因表达影响的研究

在温度和光照自动控制的生物人工气候箱内研究了温度对安农S-1等6个温敏（Thermo-sensitive)不育材料和农垦58S等4个光敏(Photo-sensitive)不育基因表达的影响。结果表明：温敏不育材料在高温（昼温31℃，夜温28℃）条件下为不育，在低温（昼温24℃，夜温22℃）条件下为可育。它们对温度敏感的时期在花粉母细胞形成期至单核花     

施肥对不同品种麦田CO2通量的影响

为探讨施肥对小麦田间CO2释放量的影响，设计以四个不同施肥水平为主处理，以三个不同年代的主栽品种碧玛1号、烟农15号、山农11号为研究对象，采用封闭式静态暗箱技术，应用LI-6400型便携式光合测定仪（美国）在作物生长期测定土壤CO2释放量和光合速率。同时测定了作物的生理生化指标（株高、叶绿素含量、旗叶叶面积）和生物量以及环境影响因素土壤温度和水分等。研究结果表明：（1）施肥有利于增加土壤CO2释放量，且中氮处理水平释放量最多。（2）土壤温度和水分对土壤CO2释放量有一定的影响，土温越高，水分越大，CO2释放越多。     

高温胁迫对番茄种子萌发的影响

当温度高于 2 5℃时 ,随温度上升 ,番茄种子活力下降 ;33℃时 ,种子的萌发在前 6d受到抑制 ,7d后萌发率上升 ;在35℃时 ,种子萌发几乎完全被抑制。在 30℃萌发的种子中 SOD和 POD活性较高 ,33℃萌发种子中的蛋白质含量较 2 5℃和30℃处理的高     

Effect of Different Crop Densities of Winter Wheat on Recovery of Nitrogen in Crop and Soil within the Growth Period

Previous experiments have shown that, at harvest of winter wheat, recovery of fertilizer N applied in early spring [tillering, Zadok’s growth stage (GS) 25] is lower than that of N applied later in the growth period. This can be explained by losses and immobilization of N, which might be higher between GS 25 and stem elongation (GS 31). It was hypothesized that a higher crop density (i.e. more plants per unit area) results in an increased uptake of fertilizer N applied at GS 25, so that less fertilizer N is subject to losses and immobilization. Different crop densities of winter wheat at GS 25 were established by sowing densities of 100 seeds m^–2 (S_low), 375 seeds m^–2 (S_cfp= common farming practice) and 650 seeds m^–2 (S_high) in autumn. The effect of sowing density on crop N uptake and apparent fertilizer N recovery (aFNrec = N in fertilized treatments ? N in unfertilized treatments) in crops and soil mineral N (N_min), as well as on lost and immobilized N (i.e. non‐recovered N = N rate ? aFNrec), was investigated for two periods after N application at GS 25 [i.e. from GS 25 to 15 days later (GS 25 + 15d), and from GS 25 + 15d to GS 31] and in a third period between GS 31 and harvest (i.e. after second and third N applications). Fertilizer N rates varied at GS 25 (0, 43 and 103 kg N ha^–1), GS 31 (0 and 30 kg N ha^–1) and ear emergence (0, 30 and 60 kg ha^–1). At GS 25 + 15d, non‐recovered N was highest (up to 33 kg N ha^–1 and up to 74 kg N ha^–1 at N rates of 43 and 103 kg N ha^–1, respectively) due to low crop N uptake after the first N dressing. Non‐recovered N was not affected by sowing density. Re‐mineralization during later growth stages indicated that non‐recovered N had been immobilized. N uptake rates from the second and third N applications were lowest for S_low, so non‐recovered N at harvest was highest for S_low. Although non‐recovered N was similar for S_cfp and S_high, the highest grain yields were found at S_cfp and N dressings of 43 + 30 + 60 kg N ha^–1. This combination of sowing density and N rates was the closest to common farming practice. Grain yields were lower for S_high than for S_cfp, presumably due to high competition between plants for nutrients and water. In conclusion, reducing or increasing sowing density compared to S_cfp did not reduce immobilization (and losses) of fertilizer N and did not result in increased fertilizer N use efficiency or grain yields.     

几种化学物质和温度处理对高羊茅种子发芽的影响

用高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)种子为试验材料,置入光照培养箱培养,研究化学物质和温度处理对其发芽的影响.结果表明:0.2%的次氯酸钠(NaClO)处理促进高羊茅种子的发芽,浓度梯度设置在0.5%～1.5%时均抑制其发芽,且浓度与发芽率和发芽势均成负相关.不同浓度的硝酸钾(KNO3)处理均促进其发芽,且浓度为2.0%时,发芽率最高,发芽势是先降低后升高.高羊茅最适播种温度为20℃,高于或低于20℃,对种子的发芽均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

温度对白菜黑腐病侵染与发病影响的研究

白菜接种墨腐病后，置１５、２０、２５、３０℃的光照培养箱中保温４８ｈ。１１天后移在室温下，病均可以完成侵染。病害的进程随着环境环境的提高面表现出正相关。在上述温度梯度下，大白菜黑腐病病情指数达到５０的天数，分别为３５、３２、２７、８天。使其致死的时间分别为４１、３５、３２、３２天。因此，鉴定时提高环境的温度，有利缩短一病的时间，若接种的温度控制在２５℃或３０℃，则接种后的第１１或第８天即可进行病情